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October 28, 2026
Partner, Chief Economist
Social Security is financed mainly by a 12.4% payroll tax on wages up to an annual cap, split between workers and employers, with additional revenue from income taxes on benefits and interest on trust fund reserves.
Since costs now exceed income, the retirement trust fund is being drawn down and is projected to be depleted in late 2032, according to the 2026 Trustees Report, see chart below.
Once reserves run out, the program can pay only what it takes in, about 78% of scheduled benefits, a cut of roughly 22% unless Congress acts. Combining the retirement and disability funds, which would require legislation, would delay depletion to 2034, with about 83% of benefits payable.
Closing the gap would require raising revenue (a higher payroll tax rate or taxable wage cap), reducing benefits (a later retirement age or slower cost-of-living adjustments) or a combination of both.
The bottom line is that a possible 22% benefit cut makes it more important for households to save more and build a stream of income in retirement.
Note: 100% = one year of benefits. Sources: US Social Security, Macrobond, Apollo Chief Economist
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